1
Math 140 Exam 3
COC Spring 2022
150 Points
Question 1 (30 points)
Match the following vocabulary words in the table below with the corresponding definitions.
Slope Histogram of the
residuals
Correlation Coefficient
(r)
Contingency Table
Conditional Percentage
(Conditional
Proportion)
Explanatory Variable Scatterplot R-squared
Response Variable Sampling Variability Significance Level Type II Error
Standard Deviation of
the Residual Errors
Quantitative Data y-intercept Categorical Data
Critical Value Regression Regression Line Census
Type I Error Residual Correlation Beta Level
Marginal Percentage
(Marginal Proportion)
Residual Plot P-value Joint Percentage (Joint
Proportion)
a. A number we compare our test statistic to in order to determine significance. In a sampling
distribution or a theoretical distribution approximating the sampling distribution, the critical
value shows us where the tail or tails are. The test statistic must fall in the tail to be significant.
b. Also called the Alpha Level. If the P-value is lower than this number, then the sample data
significantly disagrees with the null hypothesis and is unlikely to have happened by random
chance. This is also the probability of making a type 1 error.
c. A percentage or proportion involving two variables being true about the person or object, but
does not have a condition. There are generally two types (AND, OR).
d. The vertical distance between the regression line and a point in the scatterplot.
e. Statistical analysis that determines if there is a relationship between two different quantitative
variables.
f. When biased sample data leads you to support the alternative hypothesis when the alternative
hypothesis is actually wrong in the population.
g. A graph for visualizing the relationship between two quantitative ordered pair variables. The
ordered pairs ( , ) are plotted on the rectangular coordinate system.
2
h. Data in the form of numbers that measure or count something. They usually have units and
taking an average makes sense.
i. Also called the line of best fit or the line of least squares. This line minimizes the vertical
distances between it and all the points in the scatterplot.
j. Collecting data from everyone in a population.
k. Statistical analysis that involves finding the line or model that best fits a quantitative
relationship, using the model to make predictions, and analyzing error in those predictions.
l. The probability of getting the sample data or more extreme because of sampling variability (by
random chance) if the null hypothesis is true.
m. The predicted y-value when the x-value is zero.
n. A statistic between −1 and +1 that measures the strength and direction of linear relationships
between two quantitative variables.
o. Data in the form of labels that tell us something about the people or objects in the data set.
p. Another name for the y-variable or dependent variable in a correlation study.
q. A single percentage or proportion without any conditions. In a contingency table, this can be
found with numbers in the margins.
r. Also called the coefficient of determination. This statistic measures the percent of variability in
the y-variable that can be explained by the linear relationship with the x-variable.
s. When biased sample data leads you fail to reject the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is
actually wrong in the population.
t. Another name for the x-variable or independent variable in a correlation study.
u. Also called a two-way table. This table summarizes the counts when comparing two different
categorical data sets each with two or more variables.
v. The probability of making a type 2 error.
w. The amount of increase or decrease in the y-variable for every one-unit increase in the x-
variable.
x. Random samples values and sample statistics are usually different from each other and usually
different from the population parameter.
y. A statistic that measures how far points in a scatterplot are from the regression line on average
and measures the average amount of prediction error.
z. The percentage or proportion calculated from a particular group or if a particular condition was
true. These are the very important when studying categorical relationships.
aa. A graph that pairs the residuals with the x values. This graph should be evenly spread out and
not fan shaped.
bb. A graph showing the shape of the residuals. This graph should be nearly normal and centered
close to zero.
3
Question 2 (40 Points)
ANOVA Mean Hypothesis Test
Directions: Use the printouts to answer the following questions.
a) Give the null and alternative hypothesis.
b) Check the assumptions for a One-Way ANOVA test.
c) Write a sentence to explain the F test statistic.
d) Use the F test statistic and Critical Value to determine if the sample data significantly disagrees with
the null hypothesis. Explain your answer.
e) Use the P-value and Significance Level to answer the following:
-Write the P-value sentence.
-Could the sample data or more extreme have occurred because of sampling variability or is it unlikely
that the sample data occurred because of sampling variability? Explain your answer.
f) Should we reject the null hypothesis or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Explain your answer.
g) Write a conclusion for the hypothesis test addressing evidence and the claim.
h) What is the variance between the groups? What is the variance within the groups? Was the variance
between significantly higher than the variance within? Explain how you know.
i) Was the categorical and quantitative variables related or not. Explain your answer.
The Scenario:
A census of Math 075 pre-stat students was taken in the fall 2015 semester. The students were
separated into three sleep groups: low amount of sleep, moderate amount of sleep, high amount of
sleep. They were also asked how many total units they have completed at the college. Though the data
was not random, you can assume it was representative of Math 075 students at COC. Use a 10%
significance level and the following statistics, graphs and ANOVA printout to test the claim that sleep is
not related to the total number of units completed.
4
ANOVA Information:
Source of
Variation
Degrees
of
Freedom
Sum of
Squared
Mean Sum
of Squares
F Test
Statistic
F Critical
Value
p-Value
Treatment
(Between
Groups)
2 2822.35625 1411.17813 1.83387 2.3133 0.16087
Error
(Within
Groups)
497 382446.38503 769.50983
Total 499 385268.74128
Descriptive Statistics:
Variable Mean Standard Deviation N total
Low Sleep Group 32.952 28.586 42
Medium Sleep
Group
32.990 27.585 398
High Sleep Group 25.675 28.178 60
Question 3 (40 Points)
Chi-Squared Goodness of Fit Hypothesis Test
Directions: Use the printouts to answer the following questions.
a) Write the null and alternative hypothesis. Include relationship implications. Assume the same
proportions for the null.
b) Check the assumptions for a Goodness of Fit test. See the notes below.
Notes:
1. Assume that we have a census.
2. Assume we have a StatKey Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit randomization dotplot.
3. Consider whether independence is met or not given our census in this situation.
c) What is the Chi-squared test statistic? Write a sentence to explain the test statistic.
d) Did the Chi-squared test statistic fall in the tail determined by the critical value?
e) Does the sample data significantly disagree with the null hypothesis? Explain your answer.
5
f) What was the P-value? Write a sentence to explain the P-value. Is there significant evidence?
g) Use the P-value and significance level to determine if the sample data could have occurred by random
chance (sampling variability) or is it unlikely to random chance? Explain your answer.
h) Should we reject the null hypothesis or fail to reject the null hypothesis? Explain your answer.
i) Write a conclusion for the hypothesis test. Explain your conclusion in plain language.
j) Is the population proportion related to the categorical variable or not? Explain your answer.
The Scenario:
It is a big job to write and grade the AP-statistics exam for high school students each year. It is a difficult
multiple-choice exam. All questions have five possible answers A-E. Use a 5% significance level to test
the claim that percent of A answers is the same as the percent of B answers which is the same as C, D
and E. This would indicate that the letter of the answer is not related to the percentage of times it
happens.
Generated Samples = 6000
Sample Size = 400
Chi-Squared Statistic = 3.426
Critical Value = 10.125
6
P-Value = 0.495
Question 4 (40 Points)
Chi-Squared Categorical Association Test
Directions: Use the information provided to answer the following questions.
7
a) Write the null and alternative hypothesis. Make sure to label which one is the claim. Define your
populations.
b) The Chi-squared test statistic is 357.362? Write a sentence to explain the test statistic.
c) Does the test statistic fall in the tail determined by the critical value (13.881)?
d) Does the sample data significantly disagree with the null hypothesis? Explain your answer.
e) The P-value is 0%? Write a sentence to explain the P-value.
f) Compare the P-value to the significance level. Should we reject the null hypothesis or fail to reject the
null hypothesis? Explain your answer.
g) If the null hypothesis was true, could the sample data or more extreme have occurred by sampling
variability or is it unlikely to be sampling variability? Explain your answer.
h) Write a conclusion for the test addressing evidence and the claim. Explain your conclusion in non-
technical language.
i) Are the categories related or not? Explain your answer. (Hint: This is the second type of goodness of fit
test. Is it designed to explore relationships?)
j.) Describe the implications of a Type I error for this scenario.
k.) Describe the implications of a Type II error for this scenario.
The Scenario:
Juries are required to meet the racial demographic of the county they represent. Here is the racial
demographic for Alameda county: 54% Caucasian, 18% African American, 12% Hispanic American, 15%
Asian American, and 1% other. We are worried that the juries in Alameda County may not be
representing these percentages. Using a 1% significance level, test the claim that the juries do not
represent the demographic of the county. Assume the assumptions are met.
Why Choose Us
- 100% non-plagiarized Papers
- 24/7 /365 Service Available
- Affordable Prices
- Any Paper, Urgency, and Subject
- Will complete your papers in 6 hours
- On-time Delivery
- Money-back and Privacy guarantees
- Unlimited Amendments upon request
- Satisfaction guarantee
How it Works
- Click on the “Place Order” tab at the top menu or “Order Now” icon at the bottom and a new page will appear with an order form to be filled.
- Fill in your paper’s requirements in the "PAPER DETAILS" section.
- Fill in your paper’s academic level, deadline, and the required number of pages from the drop-down menus.
- Click “CREATE ACCOUNT & SIGN IN” to enter your registration details and get an account with us for record-keeping and then, click on “PROCEED TO CHECKOUT” at the bottom of the page.
- From there, the payment sections will show, follow the guided payment process and your order will be available for our writing team to work on it.